HISTORY OF THE MODERN OLYMPICS

Helsinki, Finland, 1952

Olympic posters from the Archives, Olympic Museum Lausanne, from the book The Olympic Spirit, published by Tehabi Books
The 1952 Games were the first Olympics since 1912 in which the Soviet Union participated, and the international tension caused by the Cold War initially prevailed. Prior to the Games the U.S. Olympic Committee used the rivalry between East and West to raise funds for the U.S. team. The Soviet Union announced plans to house their athletes in Leningrad and fly into Helsinki each day; these plans were dropped, but a separate Olympic village for Eastern Bloc nations was created in Otaniemi. The Games themselves, however, were friendly, and by the end of the competition Soviet officials had opened their village to all athletes. Japan and Germany returned to the Olympics. East Germany had applied for participation in the Games but was denied, and the German team consisted of athletes from West Germany only.

Nearly 5,000 athletes competed, representing 69 nations. The track-and-field competition starred Emil Zátopek of Czechoslovakia, who won the gold medal in the 5,000- and 10,000-metre runs. He also won the gold medal in the marathon, in his first attempt ever at that event. American Robert Mathias became the first athlete to win consecutive Olympic decathlon titles. The American men, led by pole vaulter Bob Richards and 800-metre specialist Mal Whitfield, won 14 of the 23 events. The women's track competition featured the sprinting of Marjorie Jackson and the hurdling of Shirley Strickland de La Hunty, both of Australia. Soviet women, led by Galina Zybina, made a strong showing in the field events.

The 1952 Olympics saw the debut of the Soviet gymnast Viktor Chukarin, who won the first of his two individual gold medals in the combined exercises. American diver Pat McCormick won two gold medals. Swedish equestrian Henri St. Cyr won a gold medal in both the individual and team dressage competitions. The Helsinki Games saw the first gold medal for American weightlifter Tommy Kono.



Introduction * Early History * Revival of the Olympics * Organization of the Modern Games